NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science – PDF Download

Some of the technological changes associated with this period:
Persian wheel in irrigation.
Fire arms in combat.
Spinning wheel in weaving.
New foods and brewages like potato, corn, chillies, tea and coffee.

Two major cities in control of the Chahamanas were Delhi and Ajmer.

These steps were:
Their office was not made hereditary.
They were assigned iqtas (Land as salaries) for a short period of time before being transferred.
Accountants were appointed to check the amount of revenue collected by the muftis.
It was checked that mufti collected only those taxes which was by the state.
Mufti may have wanted to defy the orders of the Sultan because they controlled money and military resources and were capable to rebelling against Sultans.

The income from the land revenue was the linchpin of the Mughal Empire’s economic system
It was the most important source of income, Money, thus, collected was invested on building forts, ward and for the welfare of subjects.
It was so important that for the proper calculation of land revenue, Todar Mal took ten years to carry out detailed research in land revenue accounts.

Emperor’s throne was placed in west direction. In Islam it is the direction towards Mecca from India. Therefore, emperor was equated with the place of God in Islam
Everyone who attend the court faced west, a direction faced by Muslim while praying
The depiction of legendary Greek God Orpheus behind the king’s throne the message that the king’s justice would treat the high and low as equals, creating a world where all could live together in harmony.
These features gave the image of Paradise on Earth.

Temples were the places to display the most sophisticated art work. Therefore, the craftsperson were important for the building and maintenance of temple they performed following activities:
The craftsperson of Bidar were so famous for their inlay work in copper and silver that it can be called Bidri.
The Panchalas or Vishwakarma community, consisting of goldsmiths, bronze smiths, masons and carpenters, were essential to the building of temples.
Weavers often donated money to temples.

The tribal societies change in the following:
They began to involve a centralised administrative system.
Someone social division within a tribal society also took place.
Tribal kings began to grant land to Brahmanas, poets and scholars.
Tribal kings also wished to be reconised as other famous king of the subcontinent, such as.
Tribal kingdoms began to annex smaller neighbouring kingdoms. For example, Ahom annexed kingdoms of Chhutiyas and Koch-Hajo.
In order to build a large state, Ahom used firearms.
Literary development such as translation of Sanskrit work into local language and writing history in Ahom language were also new developments.

Due to the following reasons, the ordinary people preserved the memory of Mirabai:
She was a queen and devote of Krishna.
She composed innumerable bhajans expressing here intense devotion to his beloved lord.
She left her husband’s but she did not die. This popularized her as being saved by Lord. Thus, her authenticity as a true devotes was proved.
She even drank poison, sent by her husband, but she did not die. This popularised her as being saved by lord. Thus, her authenticity as a true devote.
Her songs openly challenged the nomars of the “upper” castes and become popular with the masses in Rajasthan and Gujarat.